What is Yellow Fever?
Yellow fever is a serious viral infection transmitted by infected mosquitoes. The disease gets its name from the jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes) that affects some patients.
Transmission
- Primarily spread through bites from infected Aedes or Haemagogus mosquitoes
- Cannot spread directly between humans
- Common in tropical regions of Africa and South America
Symptoms
Early Symptoms (3-6 days after infection):
- High fever
- Headache
- Muscle aches
- Nausea and vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Fatigue
Severe Phase Symptoms:
- Jaundice
- Dark urine
- Abdominal pain
- Bleeding (gums, nose, eyes)
- Organ failure
Prevention
-
Vaccination
- Single dose provides lifelong protection
- Required for travel to many endemic regions
- Safe and highly effective
-
Mosquito Protection
- Use insect repellent
- Wear long-sleeved clothing
- Stay in screened or air-conditioned rooms
- Use bed nets when sleeping
Treatment
- No specific antiviral treatment exists
- Supportive care includes:
- Fluid replacement
- Pain management
- Blood pressure support
- Treatment of secondary infections
Risk Factors
- Living in or traveling to endemic areas
- Not being vaccinated
- Outdoor exposure during peak mosquito times
- Poor access to protective measures
When to Seek Medical Care
Seek immediate medical attention if you develop symptoms after:
- Recent travel to endemic areas
- Possible mosquito exposure in affected regions
Complications
Severe cases can lead to:
- Liver damage
- Kidney failure
- Heart problems
- Death (15-50% mortality in severe cases)
Prevention Tips for Travelers
- Get vaccinated at least 10 days before travel
- Obtain necessary vaccination documentation
- Research destination's risk level
- Pack appropriate protective supplies