What is Von Willebrand Disease?
Von Willebrand Disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder, affecting up to 1% of the population. It occurs when your body either doesn't produce enough von Willebrand factor (VWF) or produces abnormal VWF. This protein plays a crucial role in blood clotting.
Types of VWD
Type 1
- Most common form (75% of cases)
- Mild reduction in VWF levels
- Usually presents with mild bleeding symptoms
Type 2
- Several subtypes (2A, 2B, 2M, 2N)
- Normal amounts of VWF but doesn't function properly
- Moderate bleeding symptoms
Type 3
- Rarest and most severe form
- Little to no VWF production
- Severe bleeding problems
Common Symptoms
- Easy bruising
- Frequent nosebleeds
- Heavy menstrual periods
- Prolonged bleeding after injury or surgery
- Bleeding from gums
- Post-surgical bleeding
Diagnosis
- Medical history review
- Physical examination
- Blood tests including:
- VWF antigen test
- Factor VIII clotting activity
- VWF activity tests
Treatment Options
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
- First-line treatment for Type 1
- Available as nasal spray or injection
- Increases VWF levels temporarily
VWF Replacement Therapy
- Used for more severe cases
- Contains concentrated VWF
- Given through intravenous infusion
Additional Treatments
- Antifibrinolytic medications
- Birth control pills (for heavy menstrual bleeding)
- Iron supplements
Living with VWD
Precautions
- Avoid blood-thinning medications
- Inform healthcare providers before procedures
- Wear medical identification jewelry
- Plan ahead for surgeries
When to Seek Help
- Unexplained bruising
- Prolonged bleeding
- Heavy menstrual periods
- Before any surgical procedures
Support and Resources
- National Hemophilia Foundation
- World Federation of Hemophilia
- Local hemophilia treatment centers