Vomiting Blood (Hematemesis)

What is Hematemesis?

Hematemesis is the medical term for vomiting blood or material that looks like coffee grounds. This condition always requires immediate medical attention.

Warning Signs

• Bright red blood in vomit
• Dark, coffee-ground-like material
• Associated symptoms:
  • Dizziness or fainting
  • Rapid heartbeat
  • Pale skin
  • Cold, clammy skin

Common Causes

Upper GI Sources

• Peptic ulcers
• Gastritis
• Esophageal tears (Mallory-Weiss)
• Esophageal varices
• Stomach or esophageal cancer

Other Causes

• Blood swallowed from nose bleeds
• Medications (especially blood thinners)
• Liver disease

When to Seek Emergency Care

Call 911 or seek immediate medical attention if you:

• Vomit fresh blood
• Have severe abdominal pain
• Feel dizzy or faint
• Experience rapid breathing
• Have chest pain

Diagnosis

• Physical examination
• Blood tests
• Endoscopy
• Imaging studies when needed

Treatment Options

1. Emergency Measures

   • IV fluids
   • Blood transfusions if needed
   • Medications to reduce stomach acid

2. Specific Treatments

   • Endoscopic procedures
   • Surgery when necessary
   • Treatment of underlying conditions

Prevention

• Avoid NSAIDs if prone to ulcers
• Limit alcohol consumption
• Manage underlying conditions
• Take prescribed medications as directed

Follow-up Care

• Regular check-ups
• Medication compliance
• Lifestyle modifications
• Diet adjustments as recommended