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Understanding Your Headache Medications: A Patient's Guide

A comprehensive overview of preventive and acute headache treatments

Neurology

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Last updated: Mar 24, 2025

Acute Medications (Pain Relief)

Over-the-Counter Options

  • NSAIDs
    • Ibuprofen (Advil®, Motrin®)
    • Naproxen (Aleve®)
    • Aspirin
  • Acetaminophen (Tylenol®)

Prescription Medications

  • Triptans
    • Sumatriptan (Imitrex®)
    • Rizatriptan (Maxalt®)
    • Available as pills, nasal sprays, or injections
  • CGRP Antagonists
    • Ubrogepant (Ubrelvy®)
    • Rimegepant (Nurtec®)

Preventive Medications

Daily Preventive Options

  • Beta Blockers
    • Propranolol
    • Metoprolol
  • Anticonvulsants
    • Topiramate (Topamax®)
    • Divalproex sodium
  • CGRP Monoclonal Antibodies
    • Monthly or quarterly injections

Important Guidelines

  1. Medication Overuse

    • Limit acute medications to 2-3 days per week
    • Track frequency of use

  2. When to Take Medications

    • Take acute medications at first sign of headache
    • Take preventive medications as scheduled

  3. Storage Requirements

    • Keep medications at room temperature
    • Protect from light and moisture

Warning Signs

Seek immediate medical attention if experiencing:

  • Sudden severe headache
  • Headache with fever and stiff neck
  • Vision changes or confusion
  • Weakness or numbness

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