Introduction
Colorectal cancer treatment has evolved significantly, offering multiple options tailored to each patient's specific condition. This guide explores the available treatment modalities and what to expect.
Primary Treatment Options
1. Surgery
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Polypectomy: Removal of cancerous polyps during colonoscopy
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Local excision: Removal of early-stage tumors through the rectum
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Colectomy: Removal of the affected portion of the colon
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Total mesorectal excision: Specialized surgery for rectal cancer
2. Chemotherapy
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Adjuvant therapy: Given after surgery to eliminate remaining cancer cells
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Neoadjuvant therapy: Administered before surgery to shrink tumors
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Common medications:
- FOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin)
- FOLFIRI (5-FU, leucovorin, irinotecan)
- Capecitabine
3. Radiation Therapy
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External beam radiation
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Internal radiation (brachytherapy)
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Timing options:
- Before surgery (neoadjuvant)
- After surgery (adjuvant)
- For symptom management
4. Targeted Therapy
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Monoclonal antibodies:
- Bevacizumab (Avastin®)
- Cetuximab (Erbitux®)
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Other targeted agents:
- EGFR inhibitors
- VEGF inhibitors
Treatment Planning
- Staging determines treatment approach
- Multidisciplinary team involvement
- Consideration of patient factors:
- Overall health status
- Cancer location and stage
- Genetic markers
Side Effect Management
- Regular monitoring
- Supportive care options
- Lifestyle modifications
- Nutrition support
Follow-up Care
- Regular screening schedule
- Survivorship care plan
- Long-term monitoring