Understanding Your Colon Cancer Screening Options

Introduction

Colon cancer screening is essential for early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer. This guide outlines the various screening methods available.

Available Screening Methods

1. Colonoscopy

• Frequency: Every 10 years for average-risk patients
• Procedure: Examination of entire colon using flexible scope
• Advantages: Gold standard; can remove polyps during procedure
• Preparation: Requires bowel prep

2. FIT (Fecal Immunochemical Test)

• Frequency: Annually
• Procedure: At-home stool sample collection
• Advantages: Non-invasive, no preparation required
• Limitations: Must be repeated yearly

3. Cologuard®

• Frequency: Every 3 years
• Procedure: At-home DNA stool test
• Advantages: Non-invasive, high sensitivity
• Limitations: Higher false-positive rate

4. CT Colonography

• Frequency: Every 5 years
• Procedure: CT scan of colon
• Advantages: Less invasive than colonoscopy
• Limitations: Requires bowel prep; cannot remove polyps

When to Start Screening

• Average risk: Age 45
• Family history: Earlier screening may be needed
• African Americans: May need earlier screening

Risk Factors

• Family history of colorectal cancer
• Personal history of polyps
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Lifestyle factors (smoking, diet, obesity)

Follow-Up Care

Discuss results with your healthcare provider to determine appropriate follow-up intervals and additional testing if needed.