Understanding Your Cardiovascular Risk: Prevention and Management

Risk Factors You Should Know

Non-Modifiable Risk Factors

• Age (men ≥45, women ≥55)
• Family history of heart disease
• Gender
• Ethnicity

Modifiable Risk Factors

• Blood pressure (target <130/80 mmHg)
• Cholesterol levels
  • LDL: <100 mg/dL
  • HDL: >40 mg/dL (men), >50 mg/dL (women)
• Blood glucose (fasting <100 mg/dL)
• Body Mass Index (target 18.5-24.9)
• Smoking status

Prevention Strategies

Lifestyle Modifications

1. Physical Activity

   • 150 minutes moderate exercise/week
   • 75 minutes vigorous exercise/week
   • Strength training 2x/week

2. Dietary Changes

   • Reduce saturated fats
   • Increase fruits and vegetables
   • Limit sodium (<2300mg/day)
   • Choose whole grains

3. Stress Management

   • Regular relaxation techniques
   • Adequate sleep (7-9 hours)
   • Work-life balance

Regular Monitoring

• Annual physical examination
• Blood pressure checks
• Cholesterol screening
• Blood glucose testing
• ECG as recommended

When to Seek Medical Attention

• Chest pain or pressure
• Shortness of breath
• Irregular heartbeat
• Unusual fatigue
• Dizziness or fainting