Overview
Vision loss and blindness represent significant changes in visual function that can range from partial to complete loss of sight. These conditions can develop gradually or suddenly, affecting one or both eyes.
Types of Vision Loss
Partial Vision Loss
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Central vision loss: Difficulty seeing objects directly ahead
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Peripheral vision loss: Reduced side vision
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Patchy vision loss: Scattered blind spots
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Blurred vision: Overall reduction in visual clarity
Complete Vision Loss
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Total blindness: No light perception
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Legal blindness: Vision of 20/200 or worse with correction
Common Causes
Age-Related Conditions
- Macular degeneration
- Cataracts
- Glaucoma
- Diabetic retinopathy
Other Causes
- Trauma or injury
- Genetic conditions
- Infections
- Neurological disorders
Warning Signs
- Sudden vision changes
- Eye pain or discomfort
- Light sensitivity
- Floaters or flashes
- Progressive vision deterioration
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnostic Tests
- Visual acuity testing
- Visual field testing
- Dilated eye examination
- Imaging studies (OCT, retinal photography)
Treatment Options
- Medications
- Surgery
- Vision aids and devices
- Rehabilitation services
Living with Vision Loss
Adaptive Strategies
- Using magnification devices
- Improving home lighting
- Learning Braille (when appropriate)
- Utilizing assistive technologies
Support Resources
- Vision rehabilitation specialists
- Occupational therapy
- Support groups
- Social services
Prevention
- Regular eye examinations
- Protection from UV radiation
- Healthy lifestyle choices
- Blood pressure and diabetes management
When to Seek Emergency Care
- Sudden vision loss
- Severe eye pain
- Signs of retinal detachment
- Significant trauma to the eye