What is Vaginal Cancer?
Vaginal cancer is a rare malignancy that develops in the vaginal tissues. It occurs when abnormal cells in the vagina grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor.
Types of Vaginal Cancer
-
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (85-90% of cases)
-
Adenocarcinoma (5-10% of cases)
-
Melanoma (rare)
-
Sarcoma (rare)
Risk Factors
- Age over 60
- HPV (Human Papillomavirus) infection
- History of cervical cancer or precancerous conditions
- Previous radiation therapy to the pelvis
- Smoking
- DES exposure before birth
Signs and Symptoms
Common Symptoms Include:
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding
- Watery vaginal discharge
- Pelvic pain
- Pain during intercourse
- Difficulty or pain when urinating
- Constipation
- Pelvic mass
Diagnosis
-
Physical Examination
-
Colposcopy
-
Biopsy
-
Imaging Tests:
Treatment Options
Surgery
- Local excision
- Vaginectomy
- Hysterectomy when necessary
Radiation Therapy
- External beam radiation
- Brachytherapy
Chemotherapy
- Often combined with radiation
- May be used for advanced cases
Prevention
- HPV vaccination
- Regular gynecological check-ups
- Safe sex practices
- Smoking cessation
Prognosis
Prognosis depends on:
- Stage at diagnosis
- Type of cancer
- Overall health
- Response to treatment
Follow-up Care
- Regular check-ups
- Monitoring for recurrence
- Managing side effects
- Emotional support
When to Contact Your Doctor
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:
- Unusual vaginal bleeding
- Persistent pelvic pain
- New or worsening symptoms