What is a UTI?
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infection that occurs in any part of the urinary system, most commonly affecting the bladder and urethra.
Common Symptoms
- Frequent urge to urinate
- Burning sensation during urination
- Cloudy or dark urine
- Strong-smelling urine
- Pelvic pain (in women)
- Lower back pain
- Blood in urine (hematuria)
Risk Factors
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Gender: Women are more prone to UTIs
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Sexual activity
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Menopause
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Urinary tract abnormalities
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Catheter use
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Weakened immune system
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Diabetes
Diagnosis
- Urinalysis
- Urine culture
- Physical examination
- Medical history review
Treatment Options
Antibiotics
- First-line antibiotics (3-7 days)
- Extended course for complicated UTIs
Self-Care Measures
- Increased fluid intake
- Urinating frequently
- Using heating pads
- Over-the-counter pain relievers
Prevention
- Stay hydrated
- Wipe from front to back
- Urinate after sexual activity
- Avoid irritating feminine products
- Take showers instead of baths
When to See a Doctor
- Severe pain or bleeding
- Symptoms lasting more than 3 days
- Fever or chills
- Back pain
- Pregnancy
Complications if Untreated
- Kidney infection
- Recurring infections
- Sepsis (in severe cases)
- Pregnancy complications
Special Considerations
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Recurring UTIs: May require different treatment approach
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Pregnancy: Requires immediate attention
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Elderly patients: May present with atypical symptoms
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Children: Need prompt medical evaluation