What Are Undescended Testicles?
Undescended testicles, medically known as cryptorchidism, is a condition where one or both testicles haven't moved into their proper position in the scrotum before birth.
Key Facts
- Affects approximately 3-5% of full-term male infants
- More common in premature babies
- Usually resolves spontaneously within the first 6 months of life
- Requires medical attention if not resolved by 6 months of age
Symptoms
- Empty scrotum on one or both sides
- Inability to feel the testicle(s) in the normal scrotal position
- Sometimes a small lump in the groin area
Diagnosis
Physical Examination
- Doctor will check the scrotum and groin area
- May perform careful palpation to locate the testicle
- Ultrasound might be used in some cases
Treatment Options
Watchful Waiting
- Recommended for the first 6 months of life
- Many cases resolve naturally during this period
Hormone Therapy
- Sometimes used in specific cases
- Success rate varies
Surgery (Orchidopexy)
- Standard treatment after 6-12 months of age
- Minimally invasive procedure
- Usually performed as outpatient surgery
Potential Complications if Untreated
- Increased risk of testicular cancer
- Fertility problems
- Higher risk of testicular torsion
- Psychological impact
Follow-up Care
- Regular check-ups after treatment
- Monitoring for proper development
- Annual screenings may be recommended
Prevention
No known prevention methods, but early detection and treatment are crucial.
When to Seek Medical Attention
- If testicles are not descended by 6 months of age
- If previously descended testicles appear to have retracted
- Any pain or swelling in the groin area
Long-term Outlook
With proper treatment, the majority of patients have excellent outcomes. Early intervention provides the best results.