What is Type 1 Diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This leads to little or no insulin production, requiring lifelong insulin therapy.
Key Characteristics
- Usually diagnosed in children and young adults
- Not preventable or lifestyle-related
- Requires daily insulin administration
- Cannot be cured, but can be managed effectively
Common Symptoms
- Increased thirst and frequent urination
- Extreme hunger
- Unintentional weight loss
- Fatigue and weakness
- Blurred vision
- Irritability and mood changes
Diagnosis
- Blood glucose testing
- HbA1c testing
- Antibody testing
- Ketone testing
Treatment Approaches
1. Insulin Therapy
- Multiple daily injections
- Insulin pump therapy
- Different types of insulin (rapid-acting, long-acting)
2. Blood Sugar Monitoring
- Regular blood glucose checks
- Continuous glucose monitoring systems
- Target blood sugar ranges
3. Lifestyle Management
- Carbohydrate counting
- Regular exercise
- Meal planning
- Regular medical check-ups
Complications
Short-term
- Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Long-term
- Cardiovascular disease
- Kidney damage
- Eye problems
- Nerve damage
Living with Type 1 Diabetes
- Regular monitoring and adjustment of treatment
- Emergency preparedness
- Support system importance
- Educational resources
When to Seek Medical Help
- Blood sugar levels outside target range
- Signs of DKA
- Frequent hypoglycemia
- New or worsening complications