Understanding Treatment Options for Parkinson's Disease

Introduction

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder that affects movement. While there's no cure, various treatment options can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Medication Options

First-Line Treatments

• Levodopa/Carbidopa

  • Gold standard treatment
  • Converts to dopamine in the brain
  • Usually combined with carbidopa to reduce side effects

• Dopamine Agonists

  • Mimics dopamine effects
  • Examples: ropinirole, pramipexole
  • Often used in younger patients

Adjunct Medications

• MAO-B Inhibitors

  • Blocks dopamine breakdown
  • Examples: selegiline, rasagiline

• COMT Inhibitors

  • Prolongs levodopa effects
  • Used alongside levodopa therapy

Surgical Options

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)

• Electrical stimulation of specific brain areas
• Best for patients with:
  • Motor fluctuations
  • Medication-resistant tremors
  • Good response to levodopa

Supportive Therapies

Physical Therapy

• Improves balance and mobility
• Prevents falls
• Maintains flexibility

Occupational Therapy

• Helps with daily activities
• Home safety modifications
• Energy conservation techniques

Speech Therapy

• Addresses speech difficulties
• Swallowing exercises
• Voice strengthening

Lifestyle Modifications

• Regular exercise
• Balanced nutrition
• Stress management
• Social engagement