What Are Threadworms?
Threadworms, also known as pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis), are small, white, thread-like worms that infect the human intestine. They are the most common worm infection in countries with temperate climates.
Signs and Symptoms
- Intense itching around the anus, especially at night
- Disturbed sleep due to itching
- Irritability and restlessness
- Small white worms visible in stools or around the anal area
- In females, occasional vaginal itching
How Infection Spreads
Threadworms spread through:
- Direct contact with infected surfaces
- Swallowing threadworm eggs
- Breathing in eggs from contaminated bedding or clothing
- Auto-infection through scratching
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves:
- Visual identification of worms
- 'Tape test' in the morning
- Stool examination (less common)
Treatment Options
Medication
- Mebendazole is the standard treatment
- Single dose, repeated after 2 weeks
- Entire household should be treated simultaneously
Hygiene Measures
- Wash hands thoroughly and regularly
- Keep fingernails short and clean
- Change underwear daily
- Wash bedding at high temperatures
- Vacuum and dust regularly
Prevention
- Maintain good personal hygiene
- Regular hand washing
- Regular cleaning of surfaces
- Avoiding scratching affected areas
- Wearing clean underwear at night
When to See a Doctor
Consult healthcare provider if:
- Symptoms persist after treatment
- Signs of infection appear
- You're pregnant or breastfeeding
- Treatment is needed for children under 2
Impact on Daily Life
Threadworm infections are:
- Generally harmless
- Easily treatable
- Sometimes embarrassing
- Common in children
Long-term Management
To prevent recurrence:
- Maintain strict hygiene practices
- Complete full treatment course
- Treat all family members
- Regular monitoring for symptoms