What is Spina Bifida?
Spina bifida is a birth defect that occurs when the spine and spinal cord don't form properly during the first month of pregnancy. It's part of a group of conditions called neural tube defects.
Types of Spina Bifida
Spina Bifida Occulta
- Mildest form
- Small gap in vertebrae
- Usually no symptoms
- Often discovered incidentally
Meningocele
- Moderate form
- Spinal cord membrane protrudes
- Forms fluid-filled sac
- May require surgical correction
Myelomeningocele
- Most severe form
- Spinal cord and nerves exposed
- Requires urgent surgical intervention
- Can cause significant disabilities
Common Symptoms
- Weakness or paralysis of legs
- Bladder/bowel problems
- Hydrocephalus (excess fluid in brain)
- Skin problems
- Orthopedic complications
Diagnosis
-
Prenatal screening:
- Maternal blood tests
- Ultrasound
- Amniocentesis
-
Postnatal diagnosis:
- Physical examination
- Imaging studies
Treatment Options
Surgical Interventions
- Closure surgery (24-48 hours after birth)
- Shunt placement for hydrocephalus
- Corrective procedures for associated conditions
Ongoing Care
- Physical therapy
- Occupational therapy
- Urological care
- Orthopedic management
Prevention
- Folic acid supplementation before and during pregnancy
- Regular prenatal care
- Healthy lifestyle during pregnancy
Living with Spina Bifida
- Many individuals lead independent lives
- Support systems available
- Regular medical monitoring needed
- Adaptive equipment may help
When to Seek Medical Care
- During pregnancy for prenatal care
- Immediately after birth
- For routine follow-up care
- If new symptoms develop