Understanding Skin Cysts

What Is a Skin Cyst?

A skin cyst is a closed, sac-like structure that develops beneath the skin. It contains fluid, semi-fluid, or other material and has a distinct membrane wall.

Common Types

• Epidermoid cysts - Most common type, filled with keratin
• Pilar cysts - Usually found on the scalp
• Sebaceous cysts - Develop from blocked oil glands
• Ganglion cysts - Form near joints or tendons

Signs and Symptoms

• Round, dome-shaped bumps under the skin
• Typically slow-growing
• May be flesh-colored, white, or yellow
• Can range from pea-sized to several centimeters
• May have a central punctum (small dark spot)
• Can become tender if infected

Causes

• Blocked hair follicles or oil glands
• Trauma or injury to the skin
• Genetic predisposition
• Cell defects
• Previous surgery

When to Seek Medical Attention

• Rapid growth
• Pain or tenderness
• Redness or warmth
• Drainage or bleeding
• Location interferes with daily activities

Treatment Options

Conservative Management

• Observation if asymptomatic
• Warm compresses for comfort
• Avoiding manipulation or squeezing

Medical Interventions

• Incision and drainage
• Complete surgical excision
• Injection of corticosteroids
• Antibiotics if infected

Prevention

• Good skin hygiene
• Prompt treatment of acne
• Avoiding skin trauma
• Regular skin examinations

Complications

• Infection
• Inflammation
• Rupture
• Scarring
• Recurrence after removal

Prognosis

Most skin cysts are benign and can be successfully treated. Complete surgical removal has the lowest recurrence rate.