Understanding Sjögren's Syndrome

What is Sjögren's Syndrome?

Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder where your immune system attacks healthy cells, particularly affecting the glands that produce tears and saliva.

Primary Symptoms

• Dry eyes (xerophthalmia)
• Dry mouth (xerostomia)
• Joint pain and stiffness
• Fatigue
• Skin rashes

Secondary Symptoms

Patients may experience:

• Dental problems
• Difficulty swallowing
• Persistent dry cough
• Vaginal dryness
• Swollen salivary glands

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves:

1. Physical examination
2. Blood tests for autoantibodies
3. Eye tests (Schirmer's test)
4. Salivary gland biopsy

Treatment Options

For Dry Eyes

• Artificial tears
• Prescription eye drops
• Punctal plugs

For Dry Mouth

• Saliva substitutes
• Medications to stimulate saliva production
• Regular dental care

Systemic Treatments

• Immunosuppressive medications
• Anti-inflammatory drugs
• Hydroxychloroquine

Living with Sjögren's

Lifestyle Modifications

• Stay hydrated
• Use humidifiers
• Protect eyes from wind and dust
• Regular exercise
• Adequate rest

When to Seek Medical Care

Consult your healthcare provider if you experience:

• Severe eye or mouth dryness
• New joint pain
• Unexplained fever
• Significant fatigue

Complications

Possible complications include:

• Dental cavities
• Vision problems
• Lung inflammation
• Lymphoma (rare)

Support and Resources

• Join support groups
• Regular medical check-ups
• Work with a rheumatologist
• Consider psychological support