What is Sickle Cell Disease?
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder that affects hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. In this condition, red blood cells become crescent-shaped ("sickled") instead of their normal round shape.
Causes and Inheritance
- Inherited through genes from both parents
- Each parent must pass on the sickle cell gene
- If only one gene is inherited, person has sickle cell trait
Common Symptoms
Pain Crisis
- Sudden, severe pain in bones, joints, chest, or abdomen
- Can last hours to days
- Most common complication
Other Key Symptoms
- Chronic anemia
- Fatigue
- Jaundice (yellowing of skin/eyes)
- Delayed growth in children
- Increased risk of infections
Complications
- Acute chest syndrome
- Stroke
- Vision problems
- Organ damage
- Leg ulcers
Treatment Options
Regular Care
- Pain management
- Hydration
- Blood transfusions
- Hydroxyurea medication
Preventive Measures
- Regular medical checkups
- Vaccinations
- Avoiding triggers
- Maintaining good hydration
Living with SCD
Daily Management
- Take prescribed medications
- Stay hydrated
- Avoid temperature extremes
- Get adequate rest
Emergency Signs
- Fever above 101.5°F
- Difficulty breathing
- Severe pain
- Sudden vision changes
- Stroke symptoms
Support and Resources
- Support groups
- Genetic counseling
- Educational resources
- Clinical trial opportunities