Understanding Scarlet Fever

What is Scarlet Fever?

Scarlet fever is a bacterial infection caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria (Streptococcus pyogenes), the same bacteria that causes strep throat. It primarily affects children between 5-15 years old.

Key Symptoms

• Characteristic red, sandpaper-like rash
• Bright red tongue ("strawberry tongue")
• High fever (101°F/38.3°C or higher)
• Sore throat
• Swollen neck glands
• Headache
• Nausea or vomiting

Diagnosis

Physical Examination

• Examination of the rash and throat
• Assessment of symptoms

Laboratory Tests

• Rapid strep test
• Throat culture

Treatment

Antibiotics

• Penicillin or amoxicillin are typically prescribed
• Alternative antibiotics for penicillin-allergic patients
• Full course must be completed (usually 10 days)

Supportive Care

• Rest and hydration
• Over-the-counter pain relievers
• Calamine lotion for itching

Complications

If left untreated, scarlet fever can lead to:

• Rheumatic fever
• Kidney inflammation
• Ear infections
• Skin infections

Prevention

1. Practice good hand hygiene
2. Cover mouth when coughing or sneezing
3. Avoid sharing personal items
4. Stay home until 24 hours after starting antibiotics

When to Seek Medical Care

Contact your healthcare provider if you observe:

• Rash with fever
• Persistent sore throat
• Difficulty breathing or swallowing

Recovery

Most patients recover completely within 4-5 days after starting antibiotics. Complete the full course of antibiotics even if feeling better.