Understanding Rubella (German Measles)

Overview

Rubella, also known as German measles, is a viral infection that causes a distinctive red rash. While typically mild in children and adults, it can cause serious birth defects if a pregnant woman becomes infected.

Key Symptoms

• Mild fever (up to 102°F/38.9°C)
• Characteristic red-pink rash starting on the face
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Joint pain (more common in adults)
• Mild cold-like symptoms

Transmission

Rubella spreads through:

• Respiratory droplets
• Close personal contact
• Contact with infected surfaces
• Mother-to-baby transmission during pregnancy

Complications

General Population

• Usually mild with few complications
• Temporary joint pain
• Rare cases of encephalitis

Pregnancy (Congenital Rubella Syndrome)

• Heart defects
• Vision problems
• Hearing impairment
• Developmental delays
• Other birth defects

Prevention

MMR Vaccine

• Given in two doses during childhood
• Highly effective prevention method
• Required for school entry in many countries

Treatment

No specific treatment exists, but symptoms can be managed through:

• Rest
• Pain relievers for fever and joint pain
• Adequate hydration
• Isolation to prevent spread

When to Seek Medical Care

• If you're pregnant and exposed to rubella
• Severe symptoms develop
• Uncertain about vaccination status

Prevention Tips

1. Ensure vaccination is up to date
2. Practice good hand hygiene
3. Avoid contact with infected individuals
4. Get tested for immunity before pregnancy

Prognosis

Most people recover completely within 1-3 weeks without complications. The key concern remains prevention, especially for pregnant women.