What is RLS?
Restless legs syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs, often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations.
Key Symptoms
- Uncomfortable sensations in legs described as:
- Crawling
- Creeping
- Pulling
- Throbbing
- Itching
- Symptoms typically worse in the evening or at night
- Relief with movement
- Symptoms interfere with sleep
Risk Factors
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Age: Can occur at any age, but more common in middle age
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Gender: More common in women
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Genetics: Family history increases risk
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Pregnancy: Especially in third trimester
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Certain medical conditions:
- Iron deficiency
- Kidney disease
- Diabetes
- Parkinson's disease
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on five essential criteria:
- Urge to move the legs
- Symptoms begin or worsen during rest
- Relief with movement
- Symptoms worse in evening/night
- Symptoms not explained by another condition
Treatment Options
Lifestyle Changes
- Regular exercise
- Good sleep habits
- Reducing caffeine
- Leg massage
- Hot/cold therapy
Medications
- Dopaminergic drugs
- Iron supplements (if deficient)
- Anti-seizure medications
- Opioids (in severe cases)
Managing RLS
- Keep a regular sleep schedule
- Create a comfortable sleep environment
- Maintain a symptom diary
- Identify triggers
- Regular medical follow-up
When to See a Doctor
- Symptoms interfere with sleep
- Daily activities are affected
- Quality of life is impacted
- New symptoms develop
Complications
- Sleep deprivation
- Daytime fatigue
- Mood changes
- Difficulty concentrating