Understanding Q Fever: A Comprehensive Patient Guide

What is Q Fever?

Q fever is a bacterial infection caused by Coxiella burnetii, primarily transmitted from animals to humans. The 'Q' stands for 'query,' as the cause was initially unknown when first discovered.

Transmission

• Contact with infected animals (especially cattle, sheep, and goats)
• Inhalation of contaminated dust or particles
• Consumption of unpasteurized dairy products
• Rarely, human-to-human transmission

Common Symptoms

Acute Q Fever

• High fever (up to 104°F/40°C)
• Severe headache
• Muscle aches
• Chills and sweating
• Fatigue
• Nausea and vomiting

Chronic Q Fever

• Endocarditis (heart valve infection)
• Chronic fatigue
• Recurring fever
• Joint pain
• Weight loss

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves:

• Blood tests for antibodies
• PCR testing
• Medical history review
• Chest X-rays

Treatment Options

1. Acute Q Fever:

   • Antibiotics (typically doxycycline)
   • Rest and hydration
   • Fever reduction medications

2. Chronic Q Fever:

   • Long-term antibiotic therapy
   • Regular monitoring
   • Possible heart valve surgery

Prevention

• Avoid contact with potentially infected animals
• Consume only pasteurized dairy products
• Practice good hand hygiene
• Wear protective equipment when working with animals

When to Seek Medical Care

Contact your healthcare provider if you experience:

• Persistent high fever
• Severe headache
• Chest pain
• Shortness of breath
• Symptoms lasting more than two weeks

Risk Groups

• Farmers and ranchers
• Veterinarians
• Laboratory workers
• Slaughterhouse workers
• Pregnant women

Long-term Outlook

Most acute cases resolve within 2-3 weeks with proper treatment. Chronic cases require long-term management and monitoring.