What is Polycythaemia?
Polycythaemia (also spelled polycythemia) is a condition where there is an increased concentration of red blood cells in your blood. This makes the blood thicker than normal and can affect its flow through blood vessels.
Types of Polycythaemia
Primary Polycythaemia (Polycythaemia Vera)
- Caused by genetic mutations in bone marrow cells
- Usually develops slowly over many years
- More common in older adults
Secondary Polycythaemia
- Develops as a response to other conditions
- Can be caused by:
- Living at high altitude
- Chronic lung disease
- Heart conditions
- Smoking
- Certain kidney tumors
Common Symptoms
- Headaches
- Dizziness
- Itchy skin (especially after warm baths)
- Reddish or purplish skin
- Bleeding or bruising
- Fatigue
- Vision problems
- Joint pain
Diagnosis
-
Blood Tests
- Full blood count
- JAK2 mutation testing
- Erythropoietin levels
-
Bone Marrow Examination
- May be required to confirm diagnosis
- Helps determine type and cause
Treatment Options
Conservative Management
- Regular blood monitoring
- Lifestyle modifications
- Staying hydrated
Medical Interventions
-
Venesection (Bloodletting)
- Regular removal of blood
- Helps reduce blood thickness
-
Medications
- Hydroxyurea
- Interferon
- Aspirin for preventing clots
Complications if Untreated
- Blood clots
- Stroke
- Heart problems
- Enlarged spleen
Living with Polycythaemia
- Regular medical check-ups
- Avoid dehydration
- Exercise moderately
- Stop smoking
- Report new symptoms promptly
When to Seek Medical Help
- Chest pain
- Shortness of breath
- Severe headaches
- Signs of blood clots
- Unusual bleeding
Prevention Tips
- Stay well-hydrated
- Avoid hot baths/showers
- Keep active but avoid strenuous exercise
- Maintain healthy weight
- Regular medical monitoring