Understanding Pericarditis

What is Pericarditis?

Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium - the thin, double-layered membrane that surrounds the heart. This membrane contains a small amount of fluid that helps the heart move smoothly within the chest.

Common Causes

• Viral infections (most common)
• Bacterial infections
• Autoimmune conditions
• Heart attack complications
• Chest trauma
• Certain medications

Key Symptoms

Primary Symptoms

• Sharp chest pain, typically behind the breastbone
• Pain that worsens when lying down
• Pain that improves when sitting up and leaning forward
• Shortness of breath

Additional Symptoms

• Low-grade fever
• Fatigue
• Dry cough
• Irregular heartbeat

Diagnosis

Your doctor may use several methods to diagnose pericarditis:

• Physical examination
• Listening for a characteristic rubbing sound (pericardial rub)
• ECG (electrocardiogram)
• Chest X-ray
• Echocardiogram
• Blood tests

Treatment Options

Medications

• NSAIDs (like ibuprofen)
• Colchicine
• Corticosteroids (in some cases)

Lifestyle Changes

• Rest and limited physical activity
• Avoiding strenuous exercise
• Regular monitoring

Recovery and Outlook

Most cases resolve within 1-3 weeks with proper treatment. Some patients may experience:

• Recurrent episodes
• Chronic pericarditis
• Complications (rare)

When to Seek Medical Care

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

• Severe chest pain
• Difficulty breathing
• Fever above 100.4°F (38°C)
• Fainting episodes

Prevention

• Prompt treatment of infections
• Management of underlying conditions
• Regular medical check-ups
• Following prescribed treatment plans