Understanding Parathyroid Disorders: Common Questions Answered

What Are the Parathyroid Glands?

• Four small endocrine glands located in the neck
• Located behind the thyroid gland
• Produce parathyroid hormone (PTH)
• Control calcium levels in blood and bones

Common Parathyroid Disorders

Hyperparathyroidism

• Primary: Overactive parathyroid glands
• Secondary: Compensation for low calcium levels
• Tertiary: Develops after long-term secondary hyperparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism

• Underactive parathyroid glands
• Can be inherited or acquired
• Often occurs after thyroid surgery

Common Symptoms

Hyperparathyroidism Symptoms

• Bone pain and fractures
• Kidney stones
• Depression and fatigue
• Memory problems
• Muscle weakness

Hypoparathyroidism Symptoms

• Muscle cramps and spasms
• Tingling in fingers and toes
• Seizures (in severe cases)
• Anxiety and depression

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnostic Tests

• Blood calcium levels
• PTH measurements
• Vitamin D levels
• Bone density scans
• 24-hour urine calcium test

Treatment Options

• Surgery: For primary hyperparathyroidism
• Medication: Calcium and vitamin D supplements
• Regular monitoring: Blood tests and follow-up
• Lifestyle changes: Diet modifications and exercise

Prevention and Management

• Regular calcium intake
• Vitamin D supplementation when needed
• Bone health maintenance
• Regular medical check-ups
• Proper hydration