Understanding Parathyroid Disorders: A Patient's Guide

What Are the Parathyroid Glands?

• Four small glands located in your neck
• Each about the size of a grain of rice
• Located behind the thyroid gland
• Produce parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Function of Parathyroid Glands

• Regulate calcium levels in blood and bones
• Control phosphorus levels
• Essential for:
  • Bone health
  • Muscle function
  • Nerve signaling
  • Heart rhythm

Common Parathyroid Disorders

1. Hyperparathyroidism

• Primary: Overactive parathyroid glands
• Secondary: Body's response to low calcium
• Symptoms:
  • Bone pain
  • Kidney stones
  • Fatigue
  • Depression
  • Memory problems

2. Hypoparathyroidism

• Underactive parathyroid glands
• Symptoms:
  • Muscle cramps
  • Tingling sensations
  • Seizures (in severe cases)
  • Anxiety

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnostic Tests

• Blood calcium levels
• PTH levels
• Vitamin D testing
• Bone density scans
• Urine calcium testing

Treatment Options

1. Hyperparathyroidism

   • Surgery (parathyroidectomy)
   • Medication management
   • Regular monitoring

2. Hypoparathyroidism

   • Calcium supplements
   • Vitamin D supplements
   • Regular blood testing

When to Seek Medical Care

• Severe bone pain
• Frequent kidney stones
• Unexplained fatigue
• Cognitive changes
• Muscle spasms or seizures