Understanding Parathyroid Disorders: A Comprehensive Patient Guide

What Are the Parathyroid Glands?

The parathyroid glands are four small endocrine glands located in your neck, behind the thyroid gland. They produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates calcium levels in your blood and bones.

Common Parathyroid Disorders

1. Hyperparathyroidism

• Primary Hyperparathyroidism

  • Overproduction of PTH
  • Usually caused by a benign tumor
  • Leads to high blood calcium levels

• Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

  • Occurs due to other conditions
  • Often related to kidney disease
  • Results in mineral imbalances

2. Hypoparathyroidism

• Insufficient PTH production
• Can occur after thyroid surgery
• Results in low calcium levels

Common Symptoms

Hyperparathyroidism Symptoms:

• Bone pain and weakness
• Kidney stones
• Excessive urination
• Abdominal pain
• Fatigue and weakness
• Depression or mood changes

Hypoparathyroidism Symptoms:

• Muscle cramps and spasms
• Tingling in fingers and toes
• Anxiety
• Seizures (in severe cases)

Diagnosis and Testing

• Blood calcium level tests
• PTH level measurements
• Vitamin D testing
• Bone density scans
• 24-hour urine calcium testing

Treatment Options

For Hyperparathyroidism:

1. Surgical removal of affected gland(s)
2. Regular monitoring if mild
3. Medication in specific cases

For Hypoparathyroidism:

1. Calcium supplements
2. Vitamin D supplements
3. Regular blood monitoring

Living with Parathyroid Disorders

Lifestyle Recommendations:

• Maintain adequate hydration
• Follow prescribed medication schedule
• Regular exercise for bone health
• Balanced diet rich in appropriate nutrients
• Regular medical follow-up

When to Contact Your Doctor

• Severe muscle spasms
• New or worsening symptoms
• Side effects from medications
• Unusual fatigue or weakness

Additional Resources

• Endocrine Society patient resources
• Local support groups
• Calcium management guidelines
• Medication tracking tools