Understanding Ovarian Cancer: A Comprehensive Guide

What is Ovarian Cancer?

Ovarian cancer develops when abnormal cells in the ovaries begin to multiply uncontrollably and form tumors. The ovaries are reproductive organs that produce eggs and the hormones estrogen and progesterone.

Types of Ovarian Cancer

• Epithelial tumors (90% of cases)
• Stromal tumors (7% of cases)
• Germ cell tumors (3% of cases)

Risk Factors

• Age over 50
• Family history of ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer
• BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations
• Never having been pregnant
• Endometriosis
• Obesity

Common Symptoms

• Bloating
• Pelvic or abdominal pain
• Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly
• Urinary symptoms (urgency or frequency)

Diagnosis

1. Physical examination
2. Blood tests (CA-125)
3. Imaging (ultrasound, CT, MRI)
4. Surgery for definitive diagnosis

Treatment Options

Surgery

• Removal of affected organs
• Staging procedures
• Debulking surgery

Chemotherapy

• Usually platinum-based
• Given before or after surgery

Targeted Therapy

• PARP inhibitors
• Angiogenesis inhibitors

Follow-up Care

• Regular check-ups
• Monitoring CA-125 levels
• Managing side effects
• Emotional support

Prevention Strategies

• Regular gynecologic check-ups
• Awareness of family history
• Genetic testing when indicated
• Healthy lifestyle choices