Understanding Osteoporosis

What is Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease characterized by decreased bone mass and density, leading to an increased risk of fractures. The condition makes bones more porous and fragile.

Risk Factors

Non-modifiable Risk Factors:

• Advanced age
• Female gender
• Family history
• Previous fractures
• Menopause

Modifiable Risk Factors:

• Smoking
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Poor nutrition
• Low calcium intake
• Vitamin D deficiency

Symptoms

• Early Stages: Usually asymptomatic
• Advanced Stages:
  • Height loss
  • Stooped posture
  • Back pain
  • Easily occurring fractures

Diagnosis

Primary Screening Tools:

• DEXA (Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry) scan
• FRAX® tool for fracture risk assessment

Treatment Options

Medications:

1. Bisphosphonates
2. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs)
3. Hormone Therapy
4. Biologics

Lifestyle Modifications:

• Regular weight-bearing exercise
• Balanced diet rich in calcium
• Adequate vitamin D intake
• Fall prevention strategies

Prevention

Daily Recommendations:

• Calcium: 1000-1200mg daily
• Vitamin D: 800-1000 IU daily
• Regular exercise
• Smoking cessation

When to Seek Medical Attention

• Unexplained fractures
• Significant height loss
• Severe back pain
• Family history of osteoporosis

Long-term Management

• Regular bone density screenings
• Medication compliance
• Fall prevention
• Regular medical follow-up