Understanding Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer

What is Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer?

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) refers to all types of skin cancer that aren't melanoma. The two most common types are:

• Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

Risk Factors

• Excessive sun exposure
• Fair skin, light hair, or light eyes
• History of sunburns
• Age over 50
• Family history of skin cancer
• Weakened immune system

Common Signs and Symptoms

Basal Cell Carcinoma

• Pearly, waxy bumps
• Flat, flesh-colored or brown lesions
• Bleeding or scabbing sores that heal and return

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

• Firm, red nodules
• Flat lesions with scaly surfaces
• Sores that don't heal

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves:

1. Physical examination
2. Detailed skin inspection
3. Biopsy of suspicious areas

Treatment Options

Surgical Treatments

• Excision
• Mohs surgery
• Curettage and electrodessication
• Cryosurgery

Non-surgical Treatments

• Topical medications
• Photodynamic therapy
• Radiation therapy

Prevention

1. Use broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30+)
2. Wear protective clothing
3. Avoid peak sun hours (10 AM - 4 PM)
4. Perform regular skin self-examinations
5. Schedule annual skin checks with a dermatologist

Prognosis

When detected early, non-melanoma skin cancers are highly treatable with excellent survival rates.

When to Seek Medical Attention

Consult a healthcare provider if you notice:

• New skin growths
• Changes in existing moles or spots
• Non-healing sores
• Unusual skin changes