Understanding Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

What is Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma is a type of blood cancer that develops in the lymphatic system. It occurs when lymphocytes (white blood cells) grow abnormally and can form tumors throughout the body.

Types of NHL

• B-cell lymphomas (most common, ~85% of cases)
  • Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
  • Follicular lymphoma
  • Mantle cell lymphoma
• T-cell lymphomas (~15% of cases)
  • Peripheral T-cell lymphoma
  • Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

Common Symptoms

• Painless swelling of lymph nodes
• Unexplained fever
• Night sweats
• Unintentional weight loss
• Persistent fatigue
• Shortness of breath
• Itchy skin

Risk Factors

• Age (most common in people over 60)
• Weakened immune system
• Previous exposure to certain chemicals
• Certain viral infections (e.g., Epstein-Barr virus)
• Family history

Diagnosis

1. Physical examination
2. Imaging tests
   • CT scan
   • PET scan
   • MRI
3. Biopsy
   • Lymph node biopsy
   • Bone marrow biopsy

Treatment Options

Main treatments include:

• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy
• Immunotherapy
• Targeted therapy
• Stem cell transplantation

Prognosis

Prognosis varies depending on:

• Type and stage of lymphoma
• Age and overall health
• Response to treatment

Living with NHL

• Regular follow-up care
• Healthy lifestyle choices
• Support groups and counseling
• Side effect management

When to Contact Your Doctor

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

• Severe pain
• High fever
• Difficulty breathing
• Unusual bleeding