Understanding Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

What is NAFLD?

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition where excess fat builds up in the liver of people who drink little to no alcohol. It's becoming increasingly common worldwide, affecting up to 25% of people globally.

Types of NAFLD

• Simple fatty liver (steatosis): Fat accumulation without liver damage
• Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): Fat accumulation with inflammation and liver damage

Risk Factors

• Obesity
• Type 2 diabetes
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Metabolic syndrome
• Age over 50
• Poor diet and sedentary lifestyle

Common Symptoms

NAFLD often has no symptoms in its early stages. When symptoms do appear, they may include:

• Fatigue
• Pain in the upper right abdomen
• Unexplained weight loss
• Weakness

Diagnosis

Doctors typically diagnose NAFLD through:

1. Blood tests
2. Imaging tests (ultrasound, CT, or MRI)
3. Liver biopsy (in some cases)

Treatment Options

Lifestyle Changes

• Weight loss through healthy diet
• Regular exercise
• Avoiding alcohol
• Blood sugar control

Medical Management

• Treatment of underlying conditions
• Regular monitoring of liver function
• Medication when necessary

Prevention

• Maintain a healthy weight
• Exercise regularly
• Eat a balanced diet
• Control diabetes and cholesterol
• Avoid excessive alcohol consumption

Complications

If left untreated, NAFLD can lead to:

• Cirrhosis
• Liver failure
• Liver cancer
• Cardiovascular problems

When to See a Doctor

Consult your healthcare provider if you:

• Experience persistent abdominal pain
• Notice yellowing of skin or eyes
• Have unexplained fatigue
• Are at high risk for liver disease