What Are Neuroendocrine Tumors?
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare growths that develop from specialized cells called neuroendocrine cells. These cells have traits of both nerve cells and hormone-producing cells, and are found throughout the body.
Common Locations
- Gastrointestinal tract
- Pancreas
- Lungs
- Small intestine
- Rectum
Types of NETs
Functional NETs
- Produce excess hormones
- Cause specific symptoms based on the hormone produced
- Examples include:
- Insulinomas (insulin)
- Gastrinomas (gastrin)
- Carcinoid tumors (serotonin)
Non-functional NETs
- Don't produce excess hormones
- Symptoms relate to tumor growth and spread
Common Symptoms
General Symptoms
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Abdominal pain
Carcinoid Syndrome
- Flushing of the skin
- Diarrhea
- Wheezing
- Rapid heartbeat
Diagnosis
- Blood and urine tests
- Imaging studies (CT, MRI, PET scans)
- Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy
- Biopsy
Treatment Options
-
Surgery
- Primary treatment for localized tumors
- May be curative in early stages
-
Medications
- Somatostatin analogs
- Targeted therapies
- Chemotherapy
-
Radiation Therapy
- External beam radiation
- Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT)
Prognosis
- Varies significantly based on:
- Tumor location
- Stage at diagnosis
- Grade of tumor
- Patient's overall health
Follow-up Care
- Regular monitoring
- Periodic imaging
- Hormone level testing
- Long-term surveillance
Living With NETs
- Join support groups
- Maintain healthy lifestyle
- Regular medical check-ups
- Monitor symptoms
- Follow medication schedule