What is Nephrotic Syndrome?
Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney condition that causes the body to excrete too much protein in the urine. It results in swelling (edema), particularly around the eyes, feet, and belly.
Key Symptoms
- Swelling around eyes (periorbital edema), especially in the morning
- Swollen feet and ankles
- Puffy face
- Swollen belly (ascites)
- Foamy urine
- Decreased urination
- Fatigue and irritability
Common Causes
-
Minimal Change Disease (MCD): Most common cause in children
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Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
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Genetic factors
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Infections
Diagnosis
Tests typically include:
- Urine tests to measure protein levels
- Blood tests to check protein and cholesterol levels
- Possibly a kidney biopsy in certain cases
Treatment Options
First-line Treatment
- Corticosteroids (usually prednisone)
- Careful monitoring of fluid intake
- Salt restriction
Additional Treatments
- Diuretics to reduce swelling
- ACE inhibitors or ARBs
- Immunosuppressive medications in some cases
Managing at Home
- Monitor weight daily
- Track urine output
- Follow a low-salt diet
- Regular medication compliance
- Keep a symptom diary
When to Seek Medical Care
- Severe swelling
- Difficulty breathing
- Fever
- Severe stomach pain
- Signs of infection
Long-term Outlook
- Most children respond well to treatment
- Relapses are common but manageable
- Many children outgrow the condition
- Regular medical follow-up is essential
Prevention of Complications
- Regular monitoring
- Proper nutrition
- Maintaining medication schedule
- Avoiding infection triggers
- Regular exercise as appropriate