Understanding Nasopharyngeal Cancer

What is Nasopharyngeal Cancer?

Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a type of cancer that develops in the nasopharynx, the upper part of the throat behind the nose where it connects with the nasal cavity.

Risk Factors

• Geographic location: More common in Southeast Asia and North Africa
• Genetic factors: Family history of NPC
• Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection
• Diet: Consumption of salt-preserved foods
• Tobacco and alcohol use

Common Symptoms

• Stuffy nose or bloody nasal discharge
• Hearing problems or ringing in ears (tinnitus)
• Headaches
• Facial pain or numbness
• Difficulty opening mouth
• Blurred or double vision
• Neck lumps (enlarged lymph nodes)

Diagnosis

Initial Assessment

• Physical examination
• Detailed medical history
• Nasopharyngoscopy

Confirmatory Tests

• Biopsy
• MRI or CT scanning
• PET scan for staging
• EBV DNA testing

Treatment Options

1. Radiation Therapy

   • Primary treatment for most cases
   • Often used with chemotherapy

2. Chemotherapy

   • May be given before, during, or after radiation
   • Different drug combinations used

3. Surgery

   • Limited role
   • Mainly for residual or recurrent disease

Follow-up Care

• Regular check-ups
• Imaging tests
• EBV DNA monitoring
• Management of treatment side effects

Prognosis

Prognosis depends on:

• Cancer stage at diagnosis
• Response to treatment
• Overall health status
• EBV DNA levels

Support and Resources

• Support groups
• Nutritional counseling
• Rehabilitation services
• Mental health support