What is Nasal and Sinus Cancer?
Nasal and sinus cancer is a rare type of cancer that begins in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses - the air-filled spaces surrounding the nose.
Key Facts
- Affects approximately 2,000 people annually in the United States
- More common in people over 45 years old
- Men are slightly more affected than women
Risk Factors
-
Occupational exposure to:
- Wood dust
- Leather dust
- Nickel and chromium compounds
-
Lifestyle factors:
- Smoking
- Heavy alcohol consumption
-
Previous radiation exposure to the head or neck
-
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
Common Symptoms
Early Signs:
- Persistent nasal congestion
- Recurring nosebleeds
- Decreased sense of smell
- Post-nasal drip
Advanced Signs:
- Facial pain or numbness
- Swelling around the eyes
- Visual changes
- Loose teeth or dental problems
Diagnosis
-
Physical examination
-
Imaging tests:
-
Biopsy
Treatment Options
Primary Treatments
- Surgery
- Radiation therapy
- Chemotherapy
Additional Therapies
- Targeted therapy
- Immunotherapy
- Supportive care
Prognosis
Prognosis varies depending on:
- Cancer stage at diagnosis
- Location and extent of tumor
- Patient's overall health
- Response to treatment
Follow-up Care
- Regular check-ups
- Imaging scans
- Management of treatment side effects
- Rehabilitation services as needed
Prevention
- Avoid known risk factors
- Use protective equipment in high-risk occupations
- Regular medical check-ups
- Prompt investigation of persistent symptoms