Understanding Mumps: A Patient's Guide

What is Mumps?

Mumps is a contagious viral infection that primarily affects the parotid glands—the salivary glands located on either side of the face. The disease is caused by the mumps virus, part of the Paramyxoviridae family.

Key Symptoms

• Swollen, painful salivary glands (parotitis)
• Fever
• Headache
• Muscle aches
• Fatigue
• Decreased appetite
• Difficulty chewing or swallowing

Transmission

Mumps spreads through:

• Respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing
• Direct contact with infected saliva
• Sharing utensils or cups

Complications

While usually mild, mumps can occasionally cause serious complications:

• In Males: Orchitis (testicular inflammation)
• In Females: Oophoritis (ovarian inflammation)
• Meningitis or encephalitis
• Pancreatitis
• Hearing loss (rarely permanent)

Prevention

1. MMR Vaccination: Two doses provide ~88% protection
2. Good hygiene practices
3. Avoiding close contact with infected individuals

Treatment

No specific antiviral treatment exists. Management focuses on symptom relief:

• Rest
• Pain relievers
• Hydration
• Cold/warm compresses
• Soft foods that don't require much chewing

When to Seek Medical Care

Consult a healthcare provider if you:

• Suspect mumps exposure
• Develop severe symptoms
• Experience complications
• Are pregnant

Recovery and Isolation

• Most people recover within 2 weeks
• Stay isolated for 5 days after gland swelling begins
• Return to normal activities only when symptoms resolve