Understanding Modern Migraine Treatment Options

A Comprehensive Guide to Managing Migraine Headaches

Neurology

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Last updated: Mar 24, 2025

Acute Treatments

Over-the-Counter Medications

  • NSAIDs: Ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin
  • Acetaminophen: For pain relief
  • Combination medications: Containing caffeine

Prescription Medications

  • Triptans
    • Sumatriptan
    • Rizatriptan
    • Available as pills, nasal sprays, or injections
  • CGRP Antagonists (Gepants)
    • Ubrogepant
    • Rimegepant
  • Anti-nausea medications

Preventive Treatments

Daily Medications

  • Beta-blockers
  • Calcium channel blockers
  • Antidepressants
  • Anticonvulsants

Injectable Treatments

  • CGRP monoclonal antibodies
    • Monthly or quarterly injections
    • Specifically designed for migraine prevention
  • Botulinum toxin (Botox)
    • Every 12 weeks
    • For chronic migraine

Lifestyle Modifications

Trigger Management

  • Stress reduction
  • Regular sleep schedule
  • Dietary modifications
  • Exercise routine

Non-Pharmaceutical Approaches

  • Acupuncture
  • Biofeedback
  • Cognitive behavioral therapy
  • Relaxation techniques

When to Seek Emergency Care

  • Sudden, severe headache
  • Neurological symptoms
  • Fever with headache
  • Vision changes

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