What is the Mitral Valve?
The mitral valve is a crucial heart structure located between the left atrium and left ventricle. It consists of two flaps (leaflets) that open and close with each heartbeat, ensuring blood flows in the correct direction.
Common Mitral Valve Problems
1. Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
- Valve leaflets bulge backward into the atrium
- Affects 2-3% of the population
- Often hereditary
- Usually benign but may require monitoring
2. Mitral Regurgitation
- Valve doesn't close properly
- Blood leaks backward
- Can be:
- Primary (structural problem)
- Secondary (due to other heart conditions)
3. Mitral Stenosis
- Valve opening becomes narrow
- Restricts blood flow
- Often caused by rheumatic fever
Common Symptoms
- Shortness of breath
- Heart palpitations
- Fatigue
- Chest pain
- Swelling in legs
- Dizziness
Diagnosis Methods
- Physical examination
- Echocardiogram
- Chest X-ray
- Cardiac MRI
- Cardiac catheterization
Treatment Options
Conservative Management
- Regular monitoring
- Medications
- Lifestyle modifications
Surgical Interventions
-
Valve Repair
- Preferred when possible
- Preserves natural valve
- Better long-term outcomes
-
Valve Replacement
- Mechanical or biological valve
- Required when repair isn't possible
Prevention and Management
- Regular check-ups
- Blood pressure control
- Heart-healthy lifestyle
- Antibiotic prophylaxis when recommended
When to Seek Medical Attention
Consult your healthcare provider if you experience:
- New or worsening symptoms
- Unexpected shortness of breath
- Severe chest pain
- Fainting episodes