Understanding Menstrual Periods

What is a Period?

A menstrual period is part of the monthly reproductive cycle. It occurs when the uterine lining (endometrium) is shed through the vagina if pregnancy doesn't occur.

Normal Cycle Characteristics

• Length: Typically 21-35 days
• Bleeding duration: 2-7 days
• Blood loss: 30-80 mL per cycle

Common Symptoms

Physical Symptoms

• Cramping (dysmenorrhea)
• Breast tenderness
• Bloating
• Lower back pain

Emotional Changes

• Mood swings
• Irritability
• Fatigue
• Food cravings

When to Seek Medical Attention

Consult your healthcare provider if you experience:

• Extremely heavy bleeding (changing pad/tampon hourly)
• Severe pain that interferes with daily activities
• Irregular cycles
• Bleeding between periods

Managing Your Period

Hygiene Products

• Pads
• Tampons
• Menstrual cups
• Period underwear

Lifestyle Tips

1. Stay hydrated
2. Exercise regularly
3. Maintain a balanced diet
4. Get adequate rest

Tracking Your Cycle

Keeping track helps identify:

• Pattern changes
• Fertility windows
• Potential health issues

Common Variations

• Light vs. Heavy Flow: Normal variation exists
• Cycle Length: Can fluctuate monthly
• Symptoms: Severity varies person-to-person

Prevention and Relief

• Over-the-counter pain relievers
• Heat therapy
• Regular exercise
• Stress management

Long-term Considerations

• Birth control options
• Age-related changes
• Impact of health conditions