Understanding Melanoma: Frequently Asked Questions

What is Melanoma?

Melanoma is a serious form of skin cancer that develops in melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin (skin pigment). It's the most dangerous type of skin cancer, with a high potential for spreading to other parts of the body.

Risk Factors

• Excessive UV exposure (sunlight or tanning beds)
• Fair skin, light hair, or light eyes
• Family history of melanoma
• Multiple or unusual moles
• Previous sunburns, especially in childhood

Early Detection Signs (ABCDE Rule)

• Asymmetry: One half doesn't match the other
• Border: Irregular or poorly defined edges
• Color: Varying shades within the same lesion
• Diameter: Larger than 6mm (pencil eraser size)
• Evolving: Changes in size, shape, or color

Treatment Options

1. Surgery: Primary treatment for early-stage melanoma
2. Immunotherapy: Helps immune system fight cancer cells
3. Targeted Therapy: Attacks specific cancer-causing mutations
4. Radiation Therapy: May be used in specific cases
5. Chemotherapy: Used in advanced cases

Prevention Strategies

• Apply broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30+)
• Wear protective clothing
• Avoid peak UV hours (10am-4pm)
• Regular skin self-examinations
• Annual professional skin checks

Prognosis

Early detection significantly improves survival rates. Five-year survival rates:

• Localized: 99%
• Regional spread: 65%
• Distant spread: 25%

Follow-up Care

Regular monitoring schedule based on stage and risk factors, typically including:

• Physical examinations
• Imaging studies as needed
• Blood tests
• Skin cancer screening