Understanding Melanoma: Essential Facts for Skin Cancer Prevention

What is Melanoma?

Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer, developing in melanocytes - the cells that produce melanin. While it's less common than other skin cancers, it's more likely to spread if not caught early.

Risk Factors

• Fair skin and light hair
• History of excessive sun exposure
• Multiple or unusual moles
• Family history of melanoma
• Previous sunburns, especially in childhood
• Weakened immune system

The ABCDE Rule for Melanoma Detection

A - Asymmetry

• One half doesn't match the other

B - Border

• Irregular, ragged, or blurred edges

C - Color

• Variation in color within the same mole

D - Diameter

• Larger than 6mm (about the size of a pencil eraser)

E - Evolution

• Changes in size, shape, or color over time

Prevention Strategies

1. Apply broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30+) daily
2. Avoid peak UV hours (10 AM - 4 PM)
3. Wear protective clothing and sunglasses
4. Perform monthly skin self-examinations
5. Get professional skin checks annually

Treatment Options

• Early-stage: Surgical excision
• Advanced cases: Immunotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation
• Regular follow-up care essential

When to See a Doctor

• New moles after age 30
• Changes in existing moles
• Unusual skin growths or spots
• Any concerning changes following the ABCDE rule