Understanding Melanoma: Early Detection Saves Lives

What is Melanoma?

Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer, developing in melanocytes - the cells that produce melanin, our skin's pigment.

Key Risk Factors

• Excessive UV exposure (sun or tanning beds)
• Fair skin, light hair, or light eyes
• Family history of melanoma
• Multiple or unusual moles
• Previous sunburns, especially in childhood

The ABCDE Rule of Melanoma

1. Asymmetry: One half doesn't match the other
2. Border: Irregular, scalloped, or poorly defined edges
3. Color: Varies from one area to another
4. Diameter: Larger than 6mm (pencil eraser size)
5. Evolving: Changing in size, shape, or color

Prevention Strategies

• Apply broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30+)
• Wear protective clothing
• Avoid peak UV hours (10 AM - 4 PM)
• Regular skin self-examinations
• Annual professional skin checks

When to Seek Medical Attention

• New moles appearing in adulthood
• Changes in existing moles
• Spots that look different from others
• Any skin changes that concern you

Treatment Options

• Surgical excision
• Lymph node biopsy
• Immunotherapy
• Targeted therapy
• Radiation therapy

Prognosis

Early detection dramatically improves survival rates. Five-year survival rates:

• Localized: 99%
• Regional spread: 65%
• Distant spread: 25%