Understanding Melanoma: A Patient's Guide to Prevention, Detection, and Treatment

What is Melanoma?

Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer. It develops in melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin (skin pigment).

Risk Factors

• Excessive UV exposure (sun or tanning beds)
• Fair skin, light hair, or light eyes
• Family history of melanoma
• Multiple or unusual moles
• Previous sunburns, especially in childhood

The ABCDE Rule of Melanoma

Watch for these warning signs:

• Asymmetry: One half doesn't match the other
• Border: Irregular, ragged, or blurred edges
• Color: Varying shades within the same mole
• Diameter: Larger than 6mm (pencil eraser size)
• Evolving: Changes in size, shape, or color

Prevention Strategies

1. Apply broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30+) daily
2. Wear protective clothing and sunglasses
3. Avoid peak sun hours (10 AM - 4 PM)
4. Never use tanning beds
5. Perform monthly skin self-examinations

When to Seek Medical Attention

• New moles appearing after age 40
• Changes in existing moles
• Spots that itch, bleed, or don't heal
• Any skin changes that concern you

Treatment Options

• Surgical excision
• Lymph node biopsy
• Immunotherapy
• Targeted therapy
• Radiation therapy

Follow-up Care

Regular skin examinations by a dermatologist are essential:

• Every 3-12 months, depending on risk factors
• More frequent checks if previously diagnosed

Additional Resources

• American Academy of Dermatology
• Skin Cancer Foundation
• Local support groups

Consult your healthcare provider for personalized medical advice.