Understanding Melanoma: A Comprehensive Patient Guide

What is Melanoma?

Melanoma is a serious form of skin cancer that develops in melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin (skin pigment). While it's less common than other skin cancers, it's more likely to spread if not caught early.

Risk Factors

• Excessive UV exposure (sunlight or tanning beds)
• Fair skin, light hair, or light eyes
• Family history of melanoma
• Multiple moles or atypical moles
• Previous sunburns, especially in childhood

Signs and Symptoms (ABCDE Rule)

• Asymmetry: One half unlike the other
• Border: Irregular, scalloped, or poorly defined
• Color: Varies from one area to another
• Diameter: Usually greater than 6mm
• Evolving: Changes in size, shape, or color

Diagnosis and Staging

1. Physical examination
2. Dermoscopy
3. Biopsy
4. Imaging tests (if needed)
5. Lymph node evaluation

Treatment Options

Early-Stage Melanoma

• Surgical excision
• Sentinel lymph node biopsy (if indicated)

Advanced Melanoma

• Immunotherapy
• Targeted therapy
• Radiation therapy
• Clinical trials

Prevention and Follow-up Care

• Regular skin self-examinations
• Sun protection (SPF 30+ sunscreen)
• Protective clothing
• Regular follow-up appointments
• Avoiding tanning beds

Support Resources

• Support groups
• Patient advocacy organizations
• Mental health services
• Nutritional counseling

When to Contact Your Healthcare Team

• New or changing skin lesions
• Unexpected symptoms
• Treatment side effects
• Questions about care plan

Additional Information

Consult your healthcare team for personalized advice and treatment options specific to your condition.