Understanding Melanoma: A Comprehensive Guide

What is Melanoma?

Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer, developing in melanocytes - the cells that produce melanin, which gives skin its color.

Key Risk Factors

• Excessive UV exposure (sunlight and tanning beds)
• Fair skin, light hair, and light eyes
• Family history of melanoma
• Multiple moles or atypical moles
• Previous sunburns, especially in childhood

The ABCDE Rule for Identifying Melanoma

• Asymmetry: One half unlike the other
• Border: Irregular or poorly defined edges
• Color: Varies from one area to another
• Diameter: Usually greater than 6mm
• Evolving: Changes in size, shape, or color

Stages of Melanoma

1. Stage 0 (In situ)
2. Stage I (Localized)
3. Stage II (Localized, deeper)
4. Stage III (Regional spread)
5. Stage IV (Distant spread)

Treatment Options

• Surgery (wide local excision)
• Immunotherapy
• Targeted therapy
• Radiation therapy
• Chemotherapy

Prevention Strategies

1. Apply broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30+)
2. Wear protective clothing
3. Avoid peak UV hours (10am-4pm)
4. Regular skin self-examinations
5. Annual professional skin checks

When to Seek Medical Attention

• New moles appearing in adulthood
• Changes in existing moles
• Unusual skin growths
• Any spot that matches ABCDE criteria