Understanding Measles: A Comprehensive Patient Guide

What is Measles?

Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects the respiratory system and can cause a characteristic skin rash. The virus belongs to the paramyxovirus family and spreads through airborne transmission.

Key Symptoms

• Initial symptoms (3-5 days):

  • High fever (often >104°F/40°C)
  • Persistent cough
  • Runny nose
  • Red, watery eyes (conjunctivitis)
  • Koplik's spots (white spots in mouth)

• Rash phase:

  • Red, blotchy rash starting on face
  • Spreads downward to chest, arms, and legs
  • Lasts approximately 5-6 days

Transmission

• Highly infectious virus spread through:
  • Respiratory droplets
  • Direct contact with infected secretions
  • Airborne transmission
• Contagious period: 4 days before to 4 days after rash appears

Complications

Possible complications include:

• Ear infections
• Pneumonia
• Encephalitis (brain inflammation)
• Pregnancy complications
• Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (rare)

Prevention

1. Vaccination

   • MMR vaccine recommended for all children
   • First dose at 12-15 months
   • Second dose at 4-6 years

2. Isolation

   • Stay home when infected
   • Avoid contact with unvaccinated individuals

Treatment

• No specific antiviral treatment
• Supportive care includes:
  • Rest
  • Hydration
  • Fever reduction
  • Vitamin A supplementation if needed

When to Seek Medical Care

Contact healthcare provider if:

• Exposure to measles occurs
• Symptoms develop
• Complications arise
• Uncertain about vaccination status

Special Considerations

• Pregnant women should avoid exposure
• Immunocompromised individuals at higher risk
• International travel may require additional vaccination

Prevention in Communities

• Maintain high vaccination rates
• Report cases to public health authorities
• Follow isolation guidelines when infected