What is Mastocytosis?
Mastocytosis is a rare condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of mast cells in various tissues of the body. Mast cells are important immune system cells that help fight infection and heal wounds.
Types of Mastocytosis
Cutaneous Mastocytosis (CM)
- Primarily affects the skin
- More common in children
- Often appears as reddish-brown spots or bumps
Systemic Mastocytosis (SM)
- Affects internal organs
- More common in adults
- Can involve bone marrow, liver, spleen, and GI tract
Common Symptoms
-
Skin symptoms:
- Itching
- Flushing
- Hives
- Skin lesions
-
Systemic symptoms:
- Abdominal pain
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Bone pain
- Headaches
- Anaphylaxis (in severe cases)
Triggers
- Heat or cold exposure
- Physical stress
- Emotional stress
- Certain medications
- Specific foods
- Insect stings
Diagnosis
- Skin biopsy
- Blood tests
- Bone marrow biopsy
- Genetic testing
Treatment Options
Medications
- Antihistamines
- Mast cell stabilizers
- Epinephrine (for emergencies)
- Targeted therapy for advanced cases
Lifestyle Management
- Avoiding known triggers
- Regular medical monitoring
- Emergency action plan
- Support group participation
Living with Mastocytosis
Daily Management
- Keep medication readily available
- Wear medical alert jewelry
- Document symptoms and triggers
- Regular check-ups with specialists
When to Seek Emergency Care
- Severe allergic reactions
- Difficulty breathing
- Rapid heart rate
- Severe dizziness
Prognosis
The prognosis varies depending on the type and severity of mastocytosis. Many patients, especially children with cutaneous mastocytosis, may experience improvement over time.