Understanding Lung Cancer: A Comprehensive Overview

What is Lung Cancer?

Lung cancer is a condition where abnormal cells in the lungs grow uncontrollably, forming tumors that can interfere with breathing and potentially spread to other parts of the body.

Types of Lung Cancer

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

• Accounts for ~85% of cases
• Main subtypes:
  • Adenocarcinoma
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Large cell carcinoma

Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)

• Accounts for ~15% of cases
• Tends to grow and spread more quickly

Risk Factors

• Smoking (primary risk factor)
• Secondhand smoke exposure
• Family history
• Environmental exposures (radon, asbestos)
• Air pollution

Common Symptoms

• Persistent cough
• Chest pain
• Shortness of breath
• Unexplained weight loss
• Coughing up blood

Diagnosis

1. Imaging Tests

   • Chest X-ray
   • CT scan
   • PET scan

2. Tissue Analysis

   • Bronchoscopy
   • Needle biopsy

Treatment Options

Early-Stage Disease

• Surgery
• Radiation therapy
• Targeted therapy

Advanced Disease

• Chemotherapy
• Immunotherapy
• Combination approaches

Prevention

• Stop smoking or never start
• Avoid secondhand smoke
• Test home for radon
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle

Support Resources

• Cancer support groups
• Smoking cessation programs
• Palliative care services