What is Long QT Syndrome?
Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a heart rhythm condition that can cause fast, chaotic heartbeats. The condition can be inherited or acquired and affects the heart's electrical system.
Key Points
- LQTS gets its name from the QT interval seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG)
- It can potentially cause dangerous heart rhythms and sudden cardiac events
- Both genetic and acquired forms exist
Symptoms
Common Signs
- Fainting (syncope), especially during exercise or emotional stress
- Seizures
- Heart palpitations
- Sudden cardiac arrest (in severe cases)
Risk Factors
- Family history of LQTS
- Certain medications
- Electrolyte imbalances
- Female gender (higher risk)
Diagnosis
-
ECG Testing: Primary diagnostic tool
-
Genetic Testing: For inherited forms
-
Family History: Important diagnostic component
-
Exercise Stress Test: May be needed
Treatment Options
Medications
- Beta blockers (primary treatment)
- Other anti-arrhythmic medications
Other Interventions
- Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)
- Left cardiac sympathetic denervation
- Lifestyle modifications
Living with LQTS
Lifestyle Modifications
- Avoid certain medications
- Regular medical follow-up
- Exercise restrictions (as advised)
- Adequate electrolyte balance
Emergency Planning
- Medical alert bracelet
- Emergency action plan
- Family education
When to Seek Help
- Unexplained fainting
- Heart palpitations
- Family history of sudden cardiac death
- Symptoms during exercise
Prevention Strategies
- Medication compliance
- Regular medical check-ups
- Avoiding trigger factors
- Maintaining electrolyte balance